How to Use this Guide
Ambassadair Travel Club has created this useful information on the Internet to help you plan your trip. If you want to advance to one of the topics listed below, just use the mouse to click on the topic you want to read. Here is a list of all areas covered in the Web Site Destination Info for England: overview, history, geography, interesting facts, sightseeing attractions, activities, best-kept secrets from Ambassadair staff, culture, accommodations, optional tours, dining, entertainment, shopping, currency, weather, time zone, electricity, telephone, getting around, proof of citizenship, language, packing suggestions, and health and safety risks. If you have any suggestions or want to comment about Ambassadair’s destination information, please email us at: journey@iflyata.com
London is the ideal place to visit for virtually every traveler. The city is packed with enough pomp, history, culture, and entertainment, that you can expect something worth seeing every time you turn the corner. You may be wandering a simple street and look up to discover the second floor of a building (with a pizza joint on the first floor) was once the home of Charles Dickens or the place where Darwin composed his Theory of Evolution. Or you may be enjoying cold ale in a 350-year-old pub and see a member of the royal family walk past the window.
Relax and enjoy the sights in peaceful parks and gardens, stroll along the River Thames, or marvel at the magnificent architecture. Take a moment to play a round of golf or hit the shopping districts before a wild night on the town in Soho or Leicester Square. Plays, films, and musicals are found by the hundreds, and countless operas and concerts, dances and recitals, art shows, lectures, and debates abound. Thick weekly periodicals list gatherings of every kind. For more tourist information, visit www.a-london-guide.co.uk.
London's first recorded settlers were the Romans in AD 43, but evidence suggests prior Celtic settlements along the Thames. Viking and Saxon invaders were the next to inhabit the area.
One of the most infamous tragedies in history, the Black Death, hit the city in the 1300s, wiping out half the inhabitants and reducing the population to about 50,000. However, in the 16th century, under Tudor rule, London’s population hit a growth spurt. During that time, England split from Rome and established the Church of England. That century also marked the beginning of one of London's greatest artistic periods, producing artists such as William Shakespeare.
In 1666, the city suffered another tragedy, the Great Fire, which left much of inner London in ruins. Architect Christopher Wren led the rebuilding process, but in doing so, much of medieval London was destroyed and replaced with new buildings. During the onset of the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century, London continued to grow and prosper under the leadership of Queen Victoria and became recognized as the world’s industrial leader.
A third major tragedy, World War II, again brought devastation to London. In 1940, during the 57 consecutive days of bombing (known as the Blitz), countless landmarks and irreplaceable pieces of history were destroyed. After the war, people from Britain's former colonies flocked to London, resulting in the multiculturalism seen throughout the city today. The following decade was modern London's golden age, and it became a cultural and economic paradigm to countries the world over. With new galleries, monuments, and museums, the city continues to attract scholars, artists, and tourists from all walks of life.
A city of 7 million inhabitants, the Greater London Area covers 610 square miles. Luckily for the visitor, most of the major attractions are within a 2-mile radius of Covent Garden. The city is divided into boroughs, and each borough was once a village of its own before being swallowed by the growing metropolis. Most of the tourist attractions are located in central London around the boroughs of the City of London and the City of Westminster. The City of London is primarily the business and financial district and is home to the Tower of London and St. Paul’s Cathedral.
Everything from the city center heading east is known as the East End. Here you will find the historic Docklands, where the world’s ships once landed, and Greenwich, home to the Royal Naval Observatory.
The West End is everything west of the city’s center, and it serves as London’s shopping and theatre district. The West End’s boundaries include Covent Garden and Piccadilly. The City of Westminster, in the West End, hosts the largest concentration of attractions, including Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly, and Buckingham Palace.
South London, everything south of the River Thames, is largely industrial and residential, but it does contain a few significant points of interest. These include Kew Gardens, Wimbledon, and Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre.
When reading the address for an attraction, you will see it followed by the postal code (comparable to a zip code). This can also give you an idea of the sight’s geographic location. Imagine London as a giant dartboard with St. Paul’s Cathedral being the bull’s-eye. Postal zones proceed outward all the way to the distant suburbs. The postal code is comprised of a letter (meaning direction) and number (indicating the distance from the city center). SW1, for example, means South-West 1, and is the postal code for the area around Parliament and Westminster Abbey. “C” in a postal code (EC or WC) indicates that it is central. For example, Covent Garden is in West-Central 2, or WC2.
Tea—Afternoon tea is one of the most observed customs in London. Although the drinking of tea dates back to ancient times, the English didn’t partake in it until about 1650. It was introduced to England by London coffee houses who imported it from the Dutch and Portuguese. The custom of afternoon tea is said to have originated with Anna, 7th Duchess of Bedford, to bridge the gap between luncheon and dinner. Today, people are more than willing to take a break from their busy day to enjoy a cup, often served with scones, cakes, and other pastries. For a list of popular places for tea, see the Dining and Tea section.
The Royal Family—Until the end of the 17th century, British monarchs were executive monarchs, meaning they made and passed the nation’s legislation. Today, the Prime Minister, along with Parliament, governs the United Kingdom, and the Queen remains politically impartial. She serves as the Head of State, approving certain legislation, appointing Prime Ministers, and bestowing honors. She represents Britain in foreign countries and acts as a focus for national unity. The Queen is also the Head of Commonwealth, which is a voluntary association of 54 independent countries. On her visits throughout the Commonwealth, the Queen gains direct contact with people from all walks of life. Assisting her in her duties is the Royal Household, divided into five departments and consisting of 645 full-time employees.
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, the current Queen of England, was born on April 21, 1926, and christened Elizabeth Alexandra Mary. She and her husband, His Royal Highness the Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, have four children, and, thus far, six grandchildren. In 2002, The Queen celebrated her 50th year as acting monarch with The Queen’s Golden Jubilee, which lasted from May to July.
For more information, visit www.royal.gov.uk.
Jack the Ripper—London is home to the world’s most famous unsolved mystery: the Jack the Ripper murders. Between August and November 1888, the anonymous killer, dubbed “Jack the Ripper,” brutally murdered five prostitutes in and around the East End. Police and investigating officials of the time were ill-equipped to deal with serial killers, and the murderer was never caught.
The case has since spawned 114 non-fiction books, with at least a half-dozen introduce each year. Also, countless fiction titles and movies have been produced about Jack the Ripper. Visitors to London can participate in “Ripper Walks,” and learn about the case history. Popular walk company is Original London Walks.
England Tennis Club-Wimbledon—This is the most famous tennis club in the world. When the championships are not in session, tourists may visit the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum, with more than 150 years of sporting history and memorabilia. Church Rd., Wimbledon, London SW19, 020-8944-1066, www.wimbledon.org
Cleopatra’s Needle—First erected in Egypt by Pharaoh Thotmes III around 1500 B.C.E., this monument was given to the British in 1819 in recognition of Nelson’s 1798 victory over the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile. The 68½-foot monolith, flanked by magnificent bronze lions, sits on a pedestal, which is actually a giant time capsule. The pedestal encloses various momentous objects including several photographs, a full set of British Empire coins,bibles in various languages, a railway guide, an almanac, and copies of contemporary newspapers. Opposite Victoria Embankment Gardens on the riverfront.
London Eye—The world’s largest observation (Ferris) wheel, British Airways London Eye is the latest addition to the famous city skyline. Sweeping the horizon at nearly 450 feet high, its gradual 30-minute rotation in 32 fully enclosed capsules gives passengers unrivaled panoramic views of the capital. Go early in the day to minimize your wait for this popular attraction. Admission charged. For more information, visit www.londoneye.com.
Shakespeare’s Globe—This is a replica of Shakespeare’s famous theater. The original Globe was destroyed by fire more than four centuries ago. The workers of the new Globe used the same materials and techniques as those who built the original. The complex also includes an educational center and restaurant. For more information and ticket prices, visit www.shakespeares-globe.org. 21 New Globe Walk, Bankside, London SE1, 020-7902-1400
Tower Bridge—Not to be confused with London Bridge, which is now in Arizona, this ornate Victorian drawbridge was built in the late 19th century and is located next to the Tower of London. No visit to London is complete without a photo of the picturesque bridge. Admission grants access to the towers and crosswalk, providing great views of London. Admission charged. For more information, call 020-7407-9222, or visit www.towerbridge.org.uk.
Churches
St. Bride’s Church—This is one of Sir Christopher Wren’s many contributions to London’s landscape. The spire of St. Bride’s soars to 226 feet. The design of the church inspired a London baker to create a tiered wedding cake in the church’s image, which became the standard design of wedding cakes the world over. Bride Lane, off Fleet St., London EC4
St. Margaret’s—Dwarfed by Westminster Abbey next door, this lovely medieval church is often overlooked. St. Margaret’s has one of the finest collections of stained glass in England and is popular for weddings. Samuel Pepys, the diarist, and Sir Winston Churchill are among the famous people to be married there. Parliament Square, Westminster, London SW1
St. Paul’s Cathedral—Built by Wren after the Great Fire of 1666, this beautiful cathedral dominates the London skyline. Completed in 1710, St. Paul’s Cathedral was considered Wren’s masterpiece. Unlike other cathedrals of the time, it was completed during the architect’s lifetime. Bedford St., London WC2
Westminster Abbey—This is the most famous church in the world in which to be buried. A Westminster burial signifies the pinnacle of achievement in England. The chapels and flagstones of the Abbey read like a “who’s who” of English history and include names such as Churchill, Isaac Newton, Geoffrey Chaucer, Alfred Lord Tennyson, and countless kings and queens. Admission extra. Dean’s Yard, London, SW1
Westminster Cathedral—Seemingly a bit out of place amidst the classical architecture of London, the cathedral, completed in 1903, is the principal Roman Catholic Church in England. There are great views from the 273-foot tower. Victoria St., London, SW1, 020-7798-9057
Museums
British Museum—Founded by an Act of Parliament in 1753, the British Museum is one of the most heavily visited attractions in London. Featuring such famous artifacts as the Rosetta Stone and sculptures from the Parthenon, the museum exhibits a comprehensive world-wide collection of man’s works throughout history. Admission is free, but some exhibitions may cost extra. Great Russell Street, London WC1B, 020-7323-8000 or 202-7323-8299, www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk
Charles Dickens Museum—Author Charles Dickens moved to 48 Doughty Street in April 1837, paying a rent of 80 pounds a year. The later chapters of Pickwick Papers, as well as the books Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby, were written in the house. The Dickens House, bought by the Dickens Fellowship in 1924, contains letters, portraits, first editions, and original furniture owned by Dickens. Admission charged. 48 Doughty St., London WC1N 2LX, 020-7405-2127, www.dickensmuseum.com
The London Dungeon—Deep in the heart of London, buried beneath London Bridge Station, you will find the most infamous museum of horror. The London Dungeon brings more than 2,000 years of gruesomely authentic history vividly back to life through realistic displays of imprisonment, torture, and execution. The London dungeon is not recommended for people with nervous dispositions or young children. Children under 15 must be accompanied by an adult. Admission charged. 28-34 Tooley St., London, SE1, 020-7403-7221, www.thedungeons.com
London Transport Museum—Set in the former Flower Market at Covent Garden, the London Transport Museum covers nearly two centuries of the city’s vehicles and transportation history. Displays of trams, buses, and trains are mixed with videos, touch-screen displays, and interactive exhibits, such as operating the controls found in a Tube train. KidsZones are also part of the museum’s experience. Admission charged; free for accompanied children under 16. Covent Garden Piazza, London WC2E, 020-7565-7299 or 020-7379-6344, www.ltmuseum.co.uk
Madame Tussaud’s—Madame Tussaud’s Wax Museum is a tourist trap, but interesting nonetheless. Located on Marylebone Street (pronounced MAR-lee-bun), it houses a collection of wax figures of the famous and infamous. Admission charged. For more information, call 0970-4000-3000, or visit www.madame-tussauds.com.
Sherlock Holmes Museum—According to the fictional stories written by Sir Arthur Doyle, Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson lived in 221b Baker Street between 1881 and 1904. The house was last used as a lodging house in 1936, and the famous first-floor study, overlooking Baker Street, is still faithfully maintained as it was kept in Victorian times. Admission charged. 221b Baker Street, London NW1, 020-7935-8866, www.sherlock-holmes.co.uk
Tate Modern—The Tate Modern is Britain’s national museum of modern art. Drawing more than 2 million visitors a year, it ranks as one of the top five modern art museums in the world. Set on three levels with an abundance of glass interior and exterior design, the museum showcases major works from Dali, Duchamp, Matisse, Warhol, and Jackson Pollock along with a contemporary gallery of 21st-century works. Admission free, but donations welcome. Tate Modern, Bankside, London SE1, 020-7887-8000, www.tate.org.uk
Tower of London—Constructed following the Norman Conquest in the 11th century, the Tower of London has been used as a palace, prison, fortress, place of execution, arsenal, Royal Mint, and jewel house. Visitors today can view the crown jewels and Royal Armouries and hear stories from the Yeoman Warders (also known as “Beefeaters”), who have guarded the tower for centuries. Guided tours are available, admission charged. Tower Hill, London EC3N, 020-7709-0765, www.hrp.org.uk
Victoria and Albert Museum—The Victoria and Albert Museum is perhaps the world’s greatest museum devoted to the decorative arts. Items such as ceramics, glass, silver, jewelry, furniture, photography, fashion, textiles, and sculptures cover hundreds of years of history and craftsmanship styles throughout the world. Admission is free, but some exhibits carry an extra charge. Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7, 020-7942-2000, www.vam.ac.uk
Palaces and Government Attractions
Buckingham Palace—Buckingham Palace has served as the London residence of Britain’s sovereigns since 1837. It evolved from a townhouse that was owned by the Dukes of Buckingham in the early 18th century. Today, it is the Queen’s official residence. Although used for the many events and receptions hosted by the Queen, the palace opens many areas to visitors on a regular basis. Admission charged. 44-171-799-2331 or 44-171-839-1377/930-4832
The Changing of the Guard—The epitome of English pomp, the Changing of the Guard runs from the Horse Guards, up the Mall, and past St. James Palace to Buckingham Palace. The best viewing is around Victoria Monument, in front of the palace. From April to July, the ceremony takes place daily, and from August to March, every other day. The guards begin moving out as early as 10:20 am and the ceremony wraps up at approximately 11:10 am.
Hampton Court Palace—Built for Cardinal Wolsey in 1514, the palace was presented to Henry VIII in 1528 in an attempt to win the king’s favor. From that point, it grew into the astounding complex it is today. Tours of the palace include the state rooms, Tudor kitchens, the tennis court of Henry VIII, the gardens, and the maze. Admission charged. 35 Hampton St., London, 020-8781-9500.
Houses of Parliament and Big Ben—London’s most enduring landmark is the clock tower, Big Ben, at the Houses of Parliament. While most people use the name to refer to thetower or clock itself, Big Ben is actually the 14-ton bell whose familiar tone marks the hour. The bell was named for Sir Benjamin Hall who was Commissioner of Works when it was cast and hung in 1858. The rest of the building, which is the New Palace of Westminster, has 1,000 rooms, 110 staircases, and 11 courtyards. Tours of the palace are extremely hard to come by and can only be obtained through the U.S. embassy. Across from Parliament is Parliament Square and its popular photo-attraction, a statue of Winston Churchill. The bronze statue is electrified to keep pigeons from resting on Sir Winston’s head and leaving behind their droppings. House of Commons, London, SW1A
Kensington Palace—This magnificent palace is an official royal residence and home to the late Diana, Princess of Wales. Visitors may tour the state apartments and the collections of court dresses from 1760 to the present. Located next to Kensington Gardens on Palace Avenue.
The Old Bailey—This is London’s central criminal court where barristers still dress for court in the traditional gown and wig. Established as a session house in 1539, it was rebuilt in 1774 and houses case trials from all over the country. The public is allowed to view any of the trials in a session. Old Bailey, London, EC4M
Parks and Gardens
The Embankment—The River Thames divides the city of London into northern and southern sections, and the view along the river is like a history lesson. Standing on WaterlooBridge, which leads to The Strand and Fleet Street, you’ll see Westminster Abbey and Big Ben if you look one way along the river, and St. Paul’s Cathedral if you look the other. Walking along the Embankment, strollers discover that the many lampposts and statues echo an oceanic theme. Wrought-iron park benches, where lovers have always sat to watch the Thames, are set higher than the pavement.
Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens—What appears to be one very large park is actually two individual parks. Though they merge into one another, each has its own distinct character. Hyde Park is central London’s largest royal park, and is the scene for many gatherings and events. Take horseback rides, rent a rowboat, or just walk along the Serpentine pond. On Sundays, make a visit to Speakers’ Corner in the northeast corner of the park near Marble Arch. Here you will witness freedom of speech in action as people stand on their soapboxes and express views on a wide range of topics. Kensington Gardens, on the other hand, is a bit more formal and austere, and was once the private grounds of Kensington Palace. A statue of Peter Pan stands at the end of the Serpentine near the Lancaster Gate Tube Station. Free. For more information, call 020-7298-2100, or visit http://www.royalparks.gov.uk/parks/hyde_park/.
Kew Gardens—The Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew is one of the most beautiful spots in London. Founded in 1759 by Sir Joseph Banks as a center for botanical studies, the grounds are accented by numerous ornate greenhouses. Situated on the south bank of the River Thames near Richmond, Kew Gardens is about 10 kilometers southwest of London. Admission charged. For information, call 020-8332-5655, or visit www.rbgkew.org.uk.
Regent’s Park and the London Zoo—Located on the well-groomed grounds of Regent’s Park and surrounded by numerous lakes and ponds, the London Zoo is home to more than 650 different kinds of animals—112 of which are threatened. Founded in 1828, the zoo was first established as a place of scientific study and officially opened its doors to the public in 1847. Today, it is one of the most famous zoos in the world, specializing in the breeding of nearly 130 at-risk species. Admission charged. Regent’s Park, London, NW1, 020-7722-3333, www.londonzoo.co.uk
Streets and Districts
Covent Garden—The market of Covent Garden is the site where the fictional Henry Higgins discovers Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady. The market and the surrounding areahave numerous small shops and cafes, and are always a hub of activity. Punch and Judy’s, the pub named for the puppet show that began in the market, is located on the second floor of the market. Street entertainers perform their trade in the market square.
Leicester Square—The entertainment center of London, it is one of the busiest areas of the city with wall-to-wall crowds and street entertainers both day and night. Major line three sides of the square and famous nightclubs including Hippodrome, Equinox, and Maximus liven up late night.
Piccadilly Circus—For many years, Piccadilly Circus, at the junction of five busy streets, has been a famous London landmark. At its heart, and backlit by colorful neon displays, is a bronze fountain topped by a figure of a winged archer. The statue is popularly called Eros, the pagan god of love, but it was in fact designed in the 19th century as a symbol of Christian charity; a monument to philanthropist Lord Shaftesbury.
Soho—Famous for people-watching and the nightlife, this is the Bohemian district of London with hip nightclubs, restaurants, cafes, and shopping opportunities. Also in Soho is London’s small Chinatown. Walking through Soho’s streets, especially at night, is always entertaining. Soho Square, London, W1D
Trafalgar Square—With its pigeons, fountains, and huge lion statues, Trafalgar Square is often considered the central point of modern London. Lord Admiral Horatio Nelson presides over it, standing atop his column and guarded by four stone lions. Hundreds of houses were leveled in 1830 to create the square, which serves as a memorial to the great naval hero who lost his life during the victorious battle of Trafalgar.
Whitehall—Stretching from the Admiralty Arch at Trafalgar Square to the Houses of Parliament, Whitehall is Britain’s main street of government. Numerous attractions and ministry buildings on this street include Horse Guards (where royal horse-mounted guards keep presence over the avenue), Old Scotland Yard, the Cenotaph (England’s memorial to the fallen), and No. 10 Downing Street (home and office of the British Prime Minister).
Day Trips
Many must-see attractions lie only a short distance from the city and offer great opportunities for one-day excursions. The most popular destinations, such as Windsor Palace, Hever Castle, Chartwell, Stonehenge, Salisbury, Oxford, and Stratford-upon-Avon, may be sold by Ambassadair prior to each trip. Refer to our Optional Tours section for more information. Other attractions outside the city are described below.
Bath—The city of Bath is home to dozens of museums, such as the Museum of East Asian Art and the Jane Austen Centre, and its streets provide a natural showcase of Georgian architecture. See the Roman Baths (www.romanbaths.co.uk), one of the best-preserved ancient sites in the world, with much unchanged for more than 2,000 years. Just outside the city, visit the picturesque villages of Castle Combe or Lacock, each with houses no less than 150 years old. For more information about visiting Bath, or for attraction information, visit www.bath.co.uk.
Chartwell—The main attraction here is Chartwell House; the family home of Britain’s wartime prime minister, Sir Winston Churchill, who lived there for more than 40 years. Visit his rooms, just as he left them, down to the daily newspaper and his famous cigars. View photographs and books spanning Churchill’s career, visit the museum and exhibit rooms, and see original Churchill paintings located in his garden studio. For more information about visiting Chartwell, visit www.bigginhill.co.uk/chartwell.htm.
Cotswolds—Due to an increase in the manufacture of cloth in the 16th and 17th centuries, the sheep-raising Cotswolds suffered immensely as the wool industry, like the region itself, became forgotten. Today, however, visitors flock to these villages that, because of the failed economy, have undertaken virtually no changes for over 300 years. Visit the timeless towns of Broadway, Bourton on the Water, Biburg, and the city of Bath (see Bath entry). Tour historic places such as Blenheim Palace, Warwick and Sudeley Castles, Tudor and Jacobean Manor Houses, and stately homes. Other attractions include Birdland Park and Gardens, the Cotswold Heritage Centre, and Cotswold Motoring Museum and Toy Collection. For more information about visiting the Cotswolds and attraction locations, visit www.cotswolds.info.
Edinburgh—Take a trip to this Scottish city, easily accessible from London by rail, coach, or car. Enjoy the many attractions within the city limits as well as the countryside gardens and adventure parks. See historic churches and castles such as Edinburgh Castle and St. Giles Cathedral. The city is filled with countless museums and galleries such as the Writer’s Museum and Talbo & Rice gallery. View the 15th-century Winton House, current home of Sir Francis and Lady Ogilvy. Be sure to stop by the Scotch Malt Whisky Society and sample some of the area’s finest brew. Evan Evans Tours offers day trips to Edinburgh. More tour information can be found at www.evanevans.co.uk/train.htm. For more information about visiting Edinburgh and attraction information, visit www.edinburgh.org.
Hever Castle—Situated 30 miles from London in West Kent, this 13th-century castle, surrounded by magnificent gardens, served as the childhood home of Anne Boleyn. In 1903, William Waldorf Astor bought the castle and restored it to what it is today. Visitors enjoy the Water Maze on Sixteen Acre Island as well as the Yew Maze. Within the castle is a gift shop and two restaurants, although many guests prefer to picnic on the beautiful grounds. For more information about visiting Hever Castle, visit www.hevercastle.co.uk.
Oxford—For more than 800 years, Oxford, also known as the “City of Dreaming Spires,” has been home to royalty and scholars. Visitors to the city can see the famous university as well as countless historic buildings. Countless pubs, bars, restaurants, cafes, brasseries, and takeaways line the streets, providing an array of dining opportunities. While in Oxford, be sure to visit one of the museums such as the Pitt Rivers Museum and the Museum of the History of Science. For more information about visiting Oxford and attraction locations, visit www.oxfordcity.co.uk.
Salisbury—Located just 90 minutes from London, this medieval city lies between the rolling Salisbury Plain and England’s South Coast. Visitors can experience city life, culture, heritage, mystery, and a scenic countryside. The most popular attraction is the Salisbury Cathedral with spires reaching 404 feet- the tallest in England. The cathedral is also home to Europe’s oldest working clock and the best-preserved original Magna Carta. Within the city, street entertainers, fairs, museums, and gardens abound. Shop at the Charter Market on Tuesdays and Saturdays. Take in a show at a comedy club or theater, see dance performances, listen to classical or modern music performances, view an abundance of art, or tour stately homes. For more information about visiting Salisbury and attraction locations, visit www.visitsalisburyuk.com.
Stonehenge—Traveling southwest of London through the counties of Surrey, Hampshire, and Wiltshire, you will reach the broad stretches of Salisbury Plain, where you will visit Stonehenge, the mysterious Stone Age monument that has fascinated and perplexed historians throughout the ages.
Stratford-upon-Avon—Take a day to visit the birthplace of William Shakespeare in this district rich in culture and history. Visit Shakespeare properties and learn about the playwright’s life and death. Afterward, take a moment to stop in one of the numerous attractions in the area including the Teddy Bear Museum, Stratford Brass Rubbing Company, and Stratford-upon-Avon Butterfly farm and Jungle Safari. Other points of interest include the nearby shire counties of Oxfordshire, Worcestershire, and Gloucestershire. Visit Blenheim Palace and the Cotswolds to the south, Worcester and the Malverns to the west, and Warwick Castle and Henley in Arden to the north, all within one hour of Stratford. Easily accessible by road, rail, and air. For more information about visiting Stratford-upon-Avon and attraction locations, visit www.stratford-upon-avon.co.uk.
Wales—Explore some of the country’s more than 400 castles, such as Caernarfon and Harlech Castles in Harlech, Castell-y-Bere near Abergynolwyn, or Prowis Castle in Welshpool. See why Wales is known as the “Land of Song” as you listen to the Welsh National Opera, take in a choir performance, or visit Cardiff for a concert at St. David’s Hall or International Arena. Cardiff also has a lively club scene. Travel to Brecan and stop in the Theatr Brycheiniog and listen to anything from big band music to the blues. Brecan is also home to the annual Summer Jazz Festival. If art is your interest, check out one of the many galleries and museums. Wales encompasses everything from old masters to modern art, Welsh painters to French Impressionists, and 19th century pottery to today’s crafts. Some places of interest include Cardiff’s National Museum and Gallery, Museum of Modern Art (Machynlleth), Royal Cambrian Academy (Conwy), and Glynn Vivian Art Gallery (Swansea). For more information about visiting Wales and attraction locations, visit http://visitwales.wtb.lon.world.net.
Windsor Half-Day Tour—Only a short drive from London is the historic town of Windsor. The imposing Windsor Castle, favorite residence of Queen Elizabeth II, overlooks the River Thames. Visit the State Apartments (court arrangements permitting) and stroll the quaint town of Windsor and the hamlet of Eton. Drive along the banks of the River Thames to nearby Runnymede. It was here in 1215 that King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta—the basis of British democracy ever since, and an integral part of the United States constitution. In Runnymede Meadow stands the John F. Kennedy Memorial, donated by the American Bar Association, and the Royal Air Force Memorial.
Winston Churchill’s Chartwell—Leave London and travel through Kent, the “garden of England,” with its fruit farms and oat houses, to Anne Boleyn’s delightful childhood home, Hever Castle. A castle in miniature, complete with its own dining room with minstrels’ gallery, double moats, and tiny 6-foot square torture chamber, Henry VIII frequented the castle to court his ill-fated queen. More recently, the Astor family purchased the castle at the turn of the century, restored it, reconstructed a Tudor village on its grounds, added an Italian garden, and built up its collection of tapestries and fine art.
Golf—Many of the golf courses in London require long-term memberships, but a few are open to the public. Be sure to call ahead to confirm tee-times.
Walking/Running—London offers some of the most peaceful and beautiful places to walk or run. Most of the landscape is flat and smooth, allowing for a comfortable stroll or a healthy workout run. Along with other sightseeing attractions, Hyde Park (west of Oxford St. and Piccadilly) and Regent’s Park (north of Baker St. Tube Station) are popular for their beautiful landscape and flat, easy paths. Hampstead Heath proves to be a bit more challenging, with hilly and varied terrain.
Boating—A great way to experience the sights of London is by boating down the River Thames. View sights such as the Houses of Parliament, London Eye, Millennium and Tower bridges, St. Paul, the Tower of London, and Shakespeare’s Globe as you make your way down this famous London river on sightseeing or dinner cruises.
Catamaran Cruises—Sightseeing. Bateaux London, Embankment Pier, Victoria Embankment, London WC2N, 020-7987-1185, www.bateauxlondon.com
Bateaux London—Dinner cruise. Bateaux London, Embankment Pier, Victoria Embankment, London WC2N, 020-7925-2215, www.bateauxlondon.com
Bella Tours—Sightseeing and dinner cruises. 0-7010-711855, email: info@bella-tours.com, http://www.bella-tours.com
Best-Kept Secrets from Ambassadair Staff
Ambassadair’s Camille Stutz, Corporate Memberships, traveled to London on June 9-17, 2003. She was determined to try authentic Indian food in London, and she asked the bus driver at P iccadilly Circus for recommendations. “He was very helpful,” she said, “He told us that we should try Veraswamy, the oldest Indian restaurant in London, just a few short blocks away. The doorman was dressed in full Indian garb and directed us up the stairs. The ambiance was very modern and the food absolutely wonderful—my travel companions were all pleasantly surprised. We even sampled peppercorn ice cream for dessert!”
Camille also highly recommends the Tower of London Beefeater Tour. “You are really taken back in time with their detailed and sometimes graphic accounts of all the tales of prisoners and executions throughout the Tower's 900-year history,” she said. “The Crown Jewels displayed are truly awesome and remain powerful reminders of royal might and wealth!”
She also took the opportunity to experience the world-renown London shopping. “From Portobello Market to Harrods department store, we loved the shopping—we just needed more time for it all!”
Much like New York City, London is a melting pot of many different cultures. Britain’s colonial influence was far-reaching, and many of these former colonies have brought their influence back to the city. The largest ethnic groups in the city are Indian, West Indian, and Pakistani, and there are also active Asian, African, Greek, and Russian communities.
London is the birthplace of countless cultural phenomena that have spilled over its borders and into the rest of the world. Famous literary works by authors such as William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens are known the world over, providing a basis for the entertainment media today. Also, London is home to four of the most successful and well-recognized musicians, whose songs have been covered by thousands of contemporary artists. Though they no longer perform, the Beatles continue to be one of the highest-selling bands of all time, and they owe much of their success to London, the birthplace of Beatlemania.
Many people stereotype the British as being prim, proper, and perhaps a bit stuffy, but aside from formal functions and the business environment, this is far from accurate. Common courtesy and a polite demeanor are appreciated when interacting with local residents. The British often poke fun at themselves, but will naturally take offense to outsiders who criticize them. Be aware of the differences between England and the other areas that make up the United Kingdom (Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). Though united politically, each has its own culture, and lumping them together is insulting. As is expected, personal questions are usually reserved for later meetings. If your English diction arises from the U.S., remember that some words have different meanings in the U.K.
MILLENNIUM GLOUSESTER HOTEL-LONDON KENSINGTON
4–180 Harrington Gardens
London SW7 4LH, UK
020-7373-6030 or 020-7331-6195
www.mill-cop.comThis regal hotel located in the heart of Kensington offers comfort and quality service to all guests. The authentic Victorian décor and dark woodwork create a relaxing atmosphere, evident as soon as you enter the stately hall. Standard rooms are equipped with air conditioning, data ports, minibar, safe, tea and coffeemaker, radio, satellite television, iron and ironing board, and voice mail services.
Millennium Gloucester offers the following amenities:
- Bar and restaurant
- Childcare
- Concierge
- Sightseeing arrangements and theater reservations
- Laundry
- Currency exchange
- Fitness room
THISTLE KENSINGTON PALACE
Kensington
London W8 5AF
0870-333-9111 or from the U.S. 800-847-4358
www.thistlehotels.comSurrounded by shops, historic buildings, and numerous other sightseeing attractions, the hotel is situated directly across from the Kensington Palace. Each room features satellite television, tea and coffeemaker, and iron and ironing boards.
Thistle Kensington Palace offers the following amenities:
- Coffee shop
- Restaurant and bar
- Gift shop
- Business services
THISTLE LANCASTER GATE
Lancaster Gate
London W2 3NN
0870-333-9115 or from the U.S. 800-847-4358
www.thistlehotels.comLocated just minutes from Marble Arch and Oxford street, Thistle Lancaster Gate, set in its own private gardens overlooking Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens, serves as a gateway into the shopping, theater, and financial districts of London. Rooms feature satellite television, in-room movies, Internet access, and air conditioning.
Thistle Lancaster Gate offers the following amenities:
- Coffee shop
- Restaurant
- Fitness center
- Bar
Ambassadair Travel Club offers several optional tours in London. You may book these before each trip departs by calling 800-225-9919. A Travel Counselor will inform you of the date and price for each tour. A Travel Director escorts most tours and will provide necessary information on site. Depending on the length and date of trip, optional tours may vary.
Continue on to Chartwell, the welcoming private home of Winston Churchill for the last 40 years of his life. The rooms, left as they were in his lifetime and filled with Churchill memorabilia, strongly evoke his career and wide interests, which included politics, soldiering, writing, painting, and gardening. Set in a natural landscape overlooking three of England’s loveliest counties, its garden features pools, terraces, an orchard, and vegetable plantings, much of it the work of Churchill’s own hands.
Oxford and Stratford-upon-Avon—After a brief stop in Oxford, with a visit to one of the University Colleges in the “City of the Dreaming Spires,” continue to Stratford-upon-Avon, a pretty town made famous by the quill of the “Bard of Avon.” The son of a prosperous leather merchant, William Shakespeare left his native town while in his early 20s, but in the next 25 years he was to make Stratford-upon-Avon one of the most famous places in the world. Visit his birthplace on Henley Street and the little parish, Holy Trinity Church, where plaques mark the burial places of Shakespeare and other members of his family. A trip to Stratford would not be complete without a stop at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, an architectural masterpiece of its period.
Stonehenge and Salisbury—Traveling southwest of London through the counties of Surrey, Hampshire, and Wiltshire, you will reach the broad stretches of Salisbury Plain, where you will visit Stonehenge, the mysterious Stone Age monument that has fascinated and perplexed historians throughout the ages. From here, it is only a short journey to Salisbury, where you will visit the famous 13th-century Salisbury Cathedral. The cathedral is well-known for its unusual, graceful spire, which is the tallest in England. The cathedral itself houses one of only four original copies of the Magna Carta, dating back to 1215. There will be free time in Salisbury to explore and enjoy some of the more unusual shopping opportunities.
Windsor Half-Day Tour—Only a short drive from London is the historic town of Windsor. The imposing Windsor Castle, favorite residence of Queen Elizabeth II, overlooks the River Thames. Visit the State Apartments (court arrangements permitting) and stroll the quaint town of Windsor and the hamlet of Eton. Drive along the banks of the River Thames to nearby Runnymede. It was here in 1215 that King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta—the basis of British democracy ever since, and an integral part of the United States constitution. In Runnymede Meadow stands the John F. Kennedy Memorial, donated by the American Bar Association, and the Royal Air Force Memorial.
Dining—The British favorite of “meat and two veg” is still served, but palates are becoming even more adventurous with ethnic and vegetarian dishes available even in the local pub. There are a host of bistros and wine bars as well as sophisticated, candlelit restaurants for that special occasion. British law obliges restaurants to display their menu outside the establishment, making it easy to pick the restaurant that serves what you desire. Service charge is usually included in the bill at 10-15 percent. If it isn’t, be sure to leave a maximum 15 percent tip, unless you feel a higher amount is appropriate.
$$$$=more than US $60
$$$= US $31-$60
$$= US $15-$30
$ = under US $15
Restaurants In and around the City
Prism—Modern British/continental. Indulge in traditional English dishes such as Whitby cod or cream of Jerusalem artichoke soup in a fine-dining environment. Reservations required. 147 Leadenhall St., EC3, 020-7256-3888, $$$-$$$$
Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese—Traditional British. Established in 1667, this building houses six bars and two dining rooms and has been frequented throughout history by famous literary figures including Charles Dickens. A great place to bring kids. Wine Office Court, 145 Fleet St., EC4, 020-7353-6170, $$
Cantina Vinopolis—Mediterranean. Located near Shakespeare’s Globe, Cantina Vinopolis is home to the largest wine list in the U.K. Visit the Vinopolis wine gallery before ordering one of the menu items prepared with fresh ingredients at a reasonable price. Reservations required. 1 Bank End, London Bridge, SE1, 020-7940-8333, $
The West End
Back to Basics—Seafood. Dine inside or out in this restaurant attractively decorated with a blackboard menu and checked tablecloths. Try one of more than a dozen available seafood dishes or order a steak. Reservations recommended. 218 Foley St., W1, 020-7436-2181, $$
British Museum Restaurant—Traditional British. Located on the lobby level of the West Wing, this restaurant is perfect for lunch after exploring the world-renowned museum. Self-service setup. Great Russell St., WC1, 020-7323-8256, $
Simpson’s-in-the-Strand—Traditional and modern British. Opening its doors in 1828, this restaurant has established itself as one of the finest dining experiences in London. The building is divided into two sides, one serving traditional British dishes and the other serving more modern dinners. Known for the roasts, seafood, and desserts. Tie and jacket not required, but smart casual dress recommended. Reservations required. 100 The Strand, WC2, 020-7836-9112, $$$
Soho Spice—Indian. Stop in the cellar bar before heading up to the fashionably decorated street-level dining room. Traditional Indian food with a modern flair, popular with the hip and stylish. Reservations recommended. In the National Portrait Gallery, Trafalgar Square, 020-7313-2490, $$
The George—Traditional British. Dine here and enjoy the Old England atmosphere. Established in 1723, The George serves hot and cold platters including bangers and mash, fish and chips, and lasagna. 213 The Strand, WC2, 020-7427-0941, $
Mezzo—Modern European/Asian. This 750-seat restaurant is the largest in London and houses several restaurants within the gigantic building. A live jazz band entertains after 10 pm on select nights. Reservations accepted. 100 Wardour St., W1, 020-7314-4000, $$
Knightsbridge to South Kensington
Blue Elephant—Thai. Located in a converted factory building, Blue Elephant has become the leading Thai restaurant in London. Enjoy dinners prepared with ingredients regularly imported from Thailand in a setting decorated with tropical foliage. Reservations required. 4-6 Fulham Broadway, SW6, 020-7385-6595, $$
Admiral Codrington—Modern British/continental. Order anything from linguine with zucchini to crab and rib-eye steak in this restaurant and bar known locally as the “Old Cod.” Enjoy an outdoor atmosphere inside as the glass roof is rolled back on sunny days. Reservations recommended. 17 Mossop St., SW3, 020-7581-0005, $
Marylebone to Notting Hill Gate
Orrey—International/classic French. Enjoy dinners prepared with imported French ingredients such as sea bass from Montpellier, olive oil from Maussane-les-Alpilles, mushrooms from Calais, and poultry from Bresse. Take advantage of dining on the fourth-floor terrace on warm summer evenings. Reservations required. 55 Marylebone High St., W1, 020-7616-8088, $$
Veronica’s—Traditional British. Referred to as the “market leader in cafe salons,” Veronica’s offers many menu items based on medieval, Tudor, and Roman recipes. Reservations required. 3 Hereford Rd., W2, 020-7229-5079, $$
Pubs—No London experience is complete without a visit to the pubs. Many pubs have been in business for hundreds of years, evident in the Medieval names. Though hours vary slightly from district to district, pubs generally open between 11 am and noon. Most pubs are also great places for a hearty meal at a reasonable price. Last call is usually given at 11:30 pm, when you will hear, “It’s time!” This is the indication to finish up and head out. On Sundays, pub hours are 12 pm-3 pm, and 7 pm-10 pm.
Bricklayers Arms—Dress-down pub frequented by artists. 63 Charlotte Rd., EC2, 020-7739-5245
Bull’s Head—High-quality jazz bar located on banks of Thames. 373 Lonesdale Rd., SW13, 020-8876-5241
The Cow—Popular oyster and Guinness Irish-style pub. 89 Westbourne Park Rd., W2, 020-7221-0021
Jerusalem Tavern—Low-key pub featuring numerous dark ales. 55 Britton St., EC1, 020-7490-4281
Tea—Afternoon tea is about as English as you can get. High Tea, normally served between 3 pm and 5 pm, combines tea (always with milk) and scones, sandwiches, as well as other pastries to give you a good sugar and caffeine jolt in the afternoon lull. Proper tea is a formal and elegant affair. Most hotels offer an afternoon tea, but there are a few places where tea is not just a snack, it’s an event.
Georgian Restaurant at Harrods—Upper-class elegance with a great view of the city. Call ahead for tea times. On the 4th floor of Harrods, 87-135 Brompton Rd., SW1, 020-7225-6800, $$
The Savoy—Truly an experience worth the splurge. Reservations recommended and a strict dress code is enforced. Call ahead for tea times. The Strand, WC2R, 020-7420-2356, $$$
The Ritz—The legendary hotel strictly enforces a dress code and you must reserve in advance. Call ahead for tea times. 150 Piccadilly, London WIJ, 020-7493-8181, $$$
Nightclubs—London’s nightclubs range from funky discos to blues houses to reggae bars. Nightclubs often have “after hours” licenses, meaning they can serve alcohol past the time that pubs must close. Expect to pay a cover, sometimes a quite steep one!
333 Club—Three floors filled with hip, grungy crowd. Cover charge. 333 Old St., EC1, 020-7739-1800
The End—House and garage music in a high-tech interior. Cover charge. 18 West Central St., WC1, 020-7419-9199
Equinox—Seven bars and the largest dance floor in London. Cover charge. Leicester Square, W1, 020-7437-1446
Fabric—Funk and hip-hop music, three dance floors, three bars, young crowds. Cover charge. 77A Charterhouse St., EC1, 020-7490-0444
Hippodrome—Six bars, laser lights, revolving speakers, large crowds. Cover charge. Corner of Cranburn St. and Charing Cross Rd., WC2, 020-7437-4311
Theater—With unrivaled acting and directing talent in a large number and variety of productions, it is no wonder that London is known as the “theater capital of the world.” The West End is known as London’s theater district. Popular theaters include Royal Court Theatre (Sloane Sq., SW1, 020-7452-3400), Royal National Theatre (South Bank, SE1, 020-7565-5000), and Shakespeare’s Globe (New Globe Walk, Bankside, SE1, 020-7902-1400). For shows and times, call the theater in advance. For tickets, or if you are looking for a specific show, visit www.londontheatre.co.uk. A visit to Half Price Ticket Booth in Leicester Square is recommended for cheaper tickets for later-that-day shows at 25 different theaters. Purchase evening tickets on Monday-Saturday from 1 pm-6:30 pm, or matinee tickets on Tuesday-Sunday from noon to 6:30 pm. Cash only.
Museums and gallery shops offer high-quality posters, books, art prints, and crafts. Antique shops are in abundance, and don’t forget to visit one of the many provincial markets, where bargains can be found in every stall.
Shopping hours in London are typically shorter than those in America. Generally, stores are open from 10 am to 5:30 pm, with later closings at 7 pm or 8 pm on Wednesdays or Thursdays. Districts such as Chelsea and Covent Garden keep slightly later hours. Sunday shopping was previously illegal, but now stores are allowed to be open for 6 hours, usually 11 am to 5 pm. Stores in designated tourist areas and flea markets are exempt from this law and stay open all day on Sunday. Therefore, big Sunday shopping destinations include Covent Garden, Greenwich, and Hampstead. For more information and for specific stores and locations, visit www.a-london-guide.co.uk.
VAT Refunds—Foreign visitors can get a refund of Britain’s 17.5 percent Value Added Tax (VAT) by over-the-counter or direct export methods. Most larger stores provide these services, but only if you request them, and will handle the paperwork for you. For the over-the-counter method, you must spend more than £75 (about US$120) in one store. Ask the store clerk for Form VAT 407 that you give to Customs when you leave the country. The refund will be forwarded to you in about eight weeks, minus a small service charge, either in the form of a British check or as a credit to your charge card. The direct export method, where the goods go directly to your home, is more cumbersome. Customs, police, or a notary public must certify VAT Form 407 when you get home. Once certified, return the form to the store and they will send your refund.
Antiques
Antiquarius—Fabrics, brass items, and clocks. 131-141 King's Rd, London, SW3, 020-7351-5353.
Bond Street Antiques Centre—Numerous small, independent traders sell ceramics and small furnishings. 124 New Bond St., London, W1, 020-7351-5353.
Camden Passage—Everything from furniture to jewelry, great for browsing. Specialist book market on Thursdays. Camden Passage off Upper Street, London N1, 202-7359-0190.
Department Stores
Fenwick—A chic store with a flair for high fashion, includes restaurants. 63 New Bond St., London W1, 020-7629-9161.
Fortnum and Mason—Designer fashions, gifts, household goods, gourmet foods, coffee shop. 181 Piccadilly, London W1, 020-7734-8040, www.fortnumandmason.com
Harrods—More than 60 fashion departments. Marble-floored food hall crammed with provisions, an experience all on its own. 87-135 Brompton Rd., London SW1, 020-7730-1234, www.harrods.com
Harvey Nichols—Stylish international clothing, home furnishings, and household goods. Food market on the fifth floor includes cocktail bar, sushi bar, cafe, and restaurant. 109 Knightsbridge, London SW1, 020-7235-5000, www.harveynichols.com
Liberty—World-famous for distinctive fabrics and prints, including impressive selection of original ties and scarves, champion of innovative fashion and design. 210 Regent St., London W1, 020-7734-1234, www.liberty.co.uk
Marks and Spencer—Underwear, sweaters, select foods. Clothing is inexpensive and rising in popularity. 459 Oxford St., London W1, 020-7935-7954.
Selfridges—One of London's leading department stores, items by many top clothing and interior designers, vast cosmetics hall. 400 Oxford St., London W1, 020-7629-1234 www.selfridges.com
Markets
Brick Lane—Bengali market, variety of clothing, and exotic foods. Open Sunday 8 am-1 pm. Spitalfields, London E1
Chapel Market—Quirky street market with antiques, crafts, and bric-a-brac. Open Saturday and Sunday 8 am-5 pm. Chapel, London N1
Columbia Road—Early-morning flower market, highly recommended for both browsing and buying. Open Sunday 6 am-2 pm. Columbia Road, London E2
Portobello Road Market—Located in fashionable Notting Hill, collectors of all kinds flock to the Portobello Road Market to purchase antiques and second-hand goods of all kinds. There is also a sizable food and vegetable market. On Saturdays, Portobello Road becomes an open street market, perfect for browsing or serious shopping. Pick up a copy of Saturday Antique Market: Portobello Road & Westbourne Grove to obtain a more detailed list of vendors and merchandise. Many of the area stores are also open on the weekdays for those looking for a less-bustling shopping environment. Open daily 7 am-5 pm, Thursdays 9 am-1 pm. 020-7229-8354, www.portobelloroad.co.uk
Shopping Districts
Covent Garden—Street entertainment, bars and pubs, exotic eateries, arcades of craft and jewelry shops, boutiques, market stalls, many tourists. Enter from James, Russell, King or Southampton Streets, London WC2
Oxo Tower—Thirty independent design studios and shops offering contemporary examples of jewelry, glass, ceramic, and textiles. Good for browsing or gift shopping. Oxo Tower Wharf, South Bank, London SE1, 020-7401-3610.
Saville Row—Famous. Exclusive. Expensive. Tailors such as Anderson and Shepherd and Kilgour French Stanbury. Also recommended: Ozwald Boateng's on the corner of Vigo Street. Saville Row, London W1
Westbourne Grove—Furniture, clothing, and jewelry stores. Shops to look for: Ghost, Agnes B., Vessel, and Matches. Exclusive, expensive and very, very chic. Notting Hill, London W11.
Whitelys—London's first department store, a collection of high-end shops, bars, and restaurants. Fashion shows and children's activities in the interior courtyard. Queensway, London W2, 020-7229-8844
Specialty Stores
Browns Labels for Less—Cut-price designer labels from exclusive Browns fashion shop. 50 S. Molton St. London W1, 020-7514-0052
Burberry Outlet—Famous-name Burberry raincoats and accessories at discount outlet. 29 Chatham Place, London E9, 020-8985-3344
Lulu Guinness—Handmade handbags with beadwork, appliqué, and embroidery. 3 Ellis St., London SW1, 020-7823-4828, www.luluguinness.com
Lush—Handmade soaps and beauty treatments from all-natural ingredients. Recommended: Mix of foaming bath ballistics. Covent Garden Piazza, London WC2, 020-7240-4570
Steinberg & Tolkein—Vintage clothing and accessories from 1900 on. 193 Kings Rd., London SW3 020-7376-3660
Vom Fass—Top-class selection of specialty oils, vinegars, liqueurs, wines, and spirits available to purchase from the cask. Vast range of bottles and stoppers available. 187 Westbourne Grove, London W11, 020-7792-4499
Waterford Wedgwood—Lines of classic glassware and china created by top designers. 173 Piccadilly, London, W1, 020-7629-2614
Whittard of Chelsea—Assortment of teas and accessories, traditional blends as well as an eclectic range of herbal brews. Many locations throughout London. 43 Carnaby St., London W1, 020-7437-1107, www.whittard.com
The unit of currency in Great Britain is the Pound Sterling (£). Pounds are often called “quid,” as in “ten quid” (not “quids”), and are divided into 100 pence (or “p”). Pound notes come in £50, £20, £10, and £5 denominations. Coins are £1, 50p, 20p, 10p, 5p, 2p, and 1p. You may have traveled to foreign countries where U.S. dollars were accepted, but only pounds may be used in Britain. Every time you exchange money, you will be charged a commission rate ranging from 1.5-5 percent, so any leftover pounds that you exchange back to dollars will be commissioned twice. Therefore, it is wise not to over-exchange. You may exchange currency at airports, hotels, banks, and the numerous change bureaus located in central London. Banks often give the best rates. Normal banking hours are 9:30 am-3:30 pm Monday-Friday, but many banks are adopting extended hours and are open Saturday mornings.
Credit cards are accepted nearly everywhere in London, and using a credit card often gives you the most beneficial exchange rate. Also, you will find that many ATM machines are on the same system as ours. You can also get a cash advance on your Visa or MasterCard from an ATM. Don’t forget your pin number! If you do withdraw money from an ATM, be aware that the currency is given in pounds.
Weather in London is extremely unpredictable. In May, June, and October, the day temperatures can be quite cool, but from July to September, it is warmer with an average temperature of 64°F. From November to March, temperature highs average about 40°F. London experiences rainfall nearly half of the days out of the year, so keep an umbrella handy.
Keep in mind that while in London, temperatures will be expressed in degrees Celsius.
The United Kingdom is 5 hours ahead of US Eastern Standard Time, and daylight savings is observed. Indianapolis is 5 hours behind London in the winter, and 6 hours behind in the summer.
Electric current in London is 220 volts, 50 cycles (AC). A converter and adapter are necessary to use electrical appliances, such as hair dryers, brought from the United States. Many hotels provide hair dryers, and you can check in advance to see if they provide converters at the front desk.
In order to make a call from the United States to London, you must first dial 011 (the international code), 44 (Britain’s country code), 20 (area code of London), and then the local number*. Calls to other countries from London require the international access code (00), the country code (the U.S. is 1), area code, and local number. Within London, dial the seven- or eight-digit local number. Numbers outside the major city area have an exchange code in addition to the local number, and in order to complete the call, you must first enter the code. You can usually find the exchange codes posted on telephone booth (or “call box”) walls. If you cannot find the number you are looking for, dial the operator (100).
*If you are in Britain, but outside London, dial 020 before the local number.
London Visitor Travelcard—Start your London vacation the right way with the London Visitor Travelcard. Not available for purchase in the U.K., the Travelcard allows unlimited use of the city’s buses, Underground, Dockland Light Rail, and selected National Railways lines within Zones 1 and 2, which encompass virtually all of the city’s attractions. You also receive a booklet offering discounts at many popular attractions. Ambassadair often includes these in your package or sells them as an optional purchase before departure.
Walking—London is a city that is best experienced on foot. When walking, keep an eye out for the blue historic markings on the sides of the building, often on the second level. Everyone knows Britons drive on the left, but foreign visitors often forget this when crossing the street. Traffic comes at you from what we may consider the “wrong direction.” Vehicles have struck so many visitors that the city has painted reminders on the ground at pedestrian crossings. Always be sure to look both ways before crossing any street.
The Underground—London’s subway system, called the Underground or “Tube,” is one of the safest and most efficient public transportation systems in the world. It is comprised of six concentric zones stretching from the center of the city to the distant suburbs. Zones One and Two are home to nearly all of the major attractions. Visitor Travelcards allow you to prepay for travel within these zones. There are nine color-coded Tube lines. Tickets are magnetic strip cards. Simply slide the card into the turnstile and walk through—the card will pop out of the other side.
Trains run daily from approximately 5 am-midnight. On Sundays they run from approximately 7 am-11:30 pm, depending on the line. Trains usually arrive into stations every 5 to 10 minutes.
Note: Underground maps are not to scale. It is easy to think you need to switch trains to get where you are going, but you may find, in some cases, that a transfer is unnecessary. Some stations in the center of town are so close that it is quicker to return to street level and walk the extra distance rather than taking another train. For instance, the Piccadilly Circus and Leicester Square stations are only about 200 yards apart.
Buses—The old-style double-decker buses have given way to more modern double-deckers, but a few of the famous red vehicles still remain. Stops are clearly marked and the buses that service each stop are listed.
The old-style buses, which load from the rear, have an attendant who will take your fare or Travelcard. On the newer buses, you pay the driver. Rates vary depending on the length of your ride, and the attendants/drivers can make change (exact fare, though, is always best).
Buses are a great way to get around for those who want to sightsee while commuting, but you shouldn’t depend on the bus system if you are in a hurry.
Late night through early morning, after the Underground shuts down, buses are the only mode of public transportation available. During these hours, they use different schedules and routes, all beginning or ending at Trafalgar Square.
Taxis—London’s taxi drivers are the best in the world. They follow in the long tradition that began with the hackney carriages of old. Like most big-city taxi drivers, they drive fast and seemingly reckless, but, unlike most New York City cab drivers, London cabbies are usually from London. They have to pass not only a driving test to get their license, but also a test on London geography and history. A London cabbie can make a great guide, and riding is a pleasant experience. Be sure to include a 10 to 15 percent tip.
Rental cars—The simple advice about driving in London is: DON’T! It is much easier to use public transportation. The street plan is a chaotic, winding mass of one-way streets and roundabouts. If you don’t know exactly where you are going, chances are you will never get there. Plus, parking is difficult to find and heavily regulated. If you park illegally, you are likely to be towed, or you may get the “boot” (have your wheels clamped). Either could cost you £60-£70.
A valid passport is required for all travelers to London. Failure to carry proper proof of citizenship will lead to denied boarding of the aircraft. No refunds will be made for failing to provide proper proof of citizenship. Visas are not required.
Non-U.S. citizens should contact the Ambassadair Club office regarding any additional documents required.
Although Londoners speak English, the dialect is quite different from that of the United States. English in London is rich with slang. One form of slang is Cockney Rhyming Slang, where words are substituted for others that rhyme with the original. For example, “Alan Whickers” instead of “knickers” (pants/underwear), and “apples and pears” as opposed to “stairs.” Below is a list of a few words and phrases you may hear in London:
- Barmy—foolish person
- Brill—excellent
- Busking—musical performance played on the street, usually for money
- Going to spend a penny—going to use the restroom
- Diaper—napkin
- Kip—sleep
- Knackered—very tired
- Monkey—£500
- Nosh—food
- Parly—chilly
- Pony—£25
- Sprog—baby
- Weighed in—get paid
For more examples of London slang, visit www.londonslang.com.
Britain is rarely too hot or too cold, but is known to be unpredictable. It can be cool, damp, and overcast. Dress in layers and always bring some kind of rain gear. For the cities, pack as you would for an American city—coats and ties for expensive restaurants and nightspots, casual clothes elsewhere. Jeans are popular and are perfectly acceptable for sightseeing and informal dining.
London has many medical facilities, including hospitals with 24-hour emergency care and Medicentres, which are private walk-in doctors’ offices, at major rail terminals. The Medicentres are designed specifically for commuters and tourists. Pharmacies, called “chemists,” are available throughout the city. Closing times vary, but you can usually find at least one location that is open late. Hours are posted in the windows. Instead of using “911” for emergency contact, dial 999 in London for police, fire, or ambulance.
No vaccinations are required to travel to London, and the food and tap water are safe to consume.
London is an extremely safe city. The majority of crimes are petty in nature (pick-pocketing, purse-snatching, etc.) and tourists make easy targets. Exercise normal precautions. Men should not carry a wallet in their hip pocket and women should sling their pocketbooks over the neck instead of draped over the shoulder. Never leave valuables unattended, use the hotel’s safety deposit boxes or in-room safes, leave expensive jewelry at home, and never flash large amounts of cash.
Copyright © 2005
Ambassadair Travel Club
Original content written by Catie Herr, 2003. Updates completed as necessary by Ambassadair Travel Club.